Colombia
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Colombia: Statement made at the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (2009) (Spanish only)
An Official Statement made by Mr. Carlos Costa Posada, Minister of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development, Colombia, at the second session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, June 2009. (Source: Official statement to the Global Platform 2009)
HFA National Reports
National Report 2008: National HFA Progress Report - 2008 (Spanish only)
National Report 2007: National Report on the Implementation of the HFA (2007) - Colombia (Spanish only)
National Report 2006: no reported
National Report 2005: no reported
National Platform
The National System for Disaster Prevention and Response in Colombia (SNPAD) was identified in mid 2004 as the National Platform for DRR in the country, in response to the communication sent by the UNISDR to the national counterparts in the process preceding the Global Conference for Disaster Risk Reduction that took place in Kobe, in January 2005.
The SNPAD was created in 1989 by law 46 of 1988, organized by Decree 919 of 1989, and is of a decentralized, inter – institutional and participative character. The system supported the Plan for Disaster Prevention and Response (PNPAD), created by Decree 93 of 1998, and gathers the principle actions for prevention and attention to disasters in the countries under four strategies. Institutionally speaking, the entity that has thematically led SNPAD is
the national Director for the Prevention and Management of Disasters (DNPAD), operating under the Ministry of Justice and the Ministry of the Interior. At the departmental level, they rely on the Regional Committees for Disaster Prevention and Response (CREPAD), and in a complementary manner on CARS – Regional Autonomous Environmental Corporations, at the regional level which, is in charge of overseeing the environment in their jurisdiction. Finally, at
the municipal level, they rely on Local Committees for Disaster Prevention and Response (CLOPAD), which are in charge of leading development, implementation and monitoring at the local level.
The ways in which SNPAD can illustrate advances and important references to the rest of the national mechanisms are numerous... SNPAD has already been utilized as an example in some UNISDR publications on good practices and lessons learned by the NPs and national mechanisms. The element that has been highlighted, in the case of Colombia, is the development of local mechanisms in selected cities throughout the country that have become ‘champions’ in the
area (certainly Bogota, Manizales and Medellin).
- Updating the SNPAD
Executive Power is giving renewed strength to the system, organizing all entities at national and territorial levels, and motivating them to meet their risk management obligations. The system had been weakened by successive reforms that had minimized the political presence of the Department for Disaster Prevention and Response (DGPAD) as a coordinating body. Additionally, DGPAD is now known as the Dirección de Gestión de Riesgo (Risk Management Department), and this change is associated with a transition process toward a more integral approach to risk management, with updated policies and regulations (the DGPAD changed its name to Dirección de Gestión de Riesgo at the end of 2009).
- Strengthening local risk and disaster management
Despite the important process of administrative, political and fiscal decentralisation, and their advantages in terms of risk management, the advancement of DRR is greatly dependent on the levels of management capacity and the comprehension of roles and competencies of local mechanisms. In this sense, the same report on advances 2007 – 2010 states, “An important limitation that has hindered the effective implementation of risk management in development processes, is the weakness of disaster related technical institutional capacity at municipal and departmental levels.”
The project “Technical Assistance in Local Risk Management at Local and Departmental Level” is being implemented. Its objective is to promote the implementation of prevention strategies, disaster management and risk reduction in projects of Municipal and Regional Planning and Development, according to the guidelines of PNPAD and the national Development Plan. This project was launched at the end of 2008, and one of its goals is to assist 186 municipalities in 32 districts in capacity development for risk management, and produce municipal risk management plans developed between local committees, and CLOPAD.
In the framework of this project, the Department for Risk Management has already developed a Municipal Guide for Risk Management to assist the municipalities in the optimization of municipal public policies in risk management. The guide is particularly directed toward the members that make up
CLOPAD, and outlines a systematic approach to risk management.
.... (M)any of the advances associated with the NP in Colombia are directly related to the intrinsic characteristics and achievements associated
with the existence of SNPAD. This is an important distinction to make, because these achievements do not necessarily reflect a value added that arises from the identification as a National Platform for DRR. In other words, the launching of the NP was in some ways symbolic, as the government identified
the already existing SNPAD as the NP. However, the imbuing of the NP aims and processes into the existing National System can provide a good example for other countries in the region in similar institutional settings, building on the characteristics that SNPAD already displays and that are key elements for NPs (inter – institutional, multi – sector, decentralised and participative.)
It is also worth mentioning that in the last few years, the Department for Risk Management has participated in the UNISDR System in a more active manner, and currently plays an important role in promoting and advocating the HFA and the relevance of the NPs in the region. Their active participation and
leadership during the first session of the Regional Platform was reflected in the organization of the 2nd Hemispherical Meeting of Mechanisms and Networks for DRR (Santa Marta Meeting), which took place in April 2010.
Another important element in the analysis of the case in Colombia is that it often serves as a reference in terms of the decentralization processes involved in risk management. It is important to highlight recognition of the SNPAD, regarding the challenges that still need to be addressed (furthering the various excellent examples of management in this area in a number of cities), to be able to further influence DRR efforts, at the local level. The
process of updating the regulatory framework of the SNPAD, that will surely include the strengthening of management at the local level as one of its pillars, and will build upon like-minded initiatives, will offer a variety of information useful for the development of other NPs.
(Source: National Platforms for Disaster Risk Reduction in the Americas: A critical analysis of these processes five years after the adoption of the Hyogo Framework for Action; Working document - UNISDR Americas, 2010)
- Colombia's National Platform is composed by:
- Ministry of the Interior and Justice.
- Colombian Civil Defense.
- Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
- National Planning Department.
National Platform Focal Point:
Ministerio del Interior y de Justicia, Dirección de Prevención y Atención de Desastres
Calle 13, N.32-69, Edificio Laboratorio
Piso 4, Bogotá, Colombia
Tel:+ 571-375-0934/0842
Fax:+571-375-1077
Contact Person:
Sra. Luz Amanda Pulido (Director of the DPAD)
Alternative e-mail: martha.fonseca@dgr.gov.co
Colombia: Integrating Disaster Risk Reduction at the Local Level
Good practices of National Platforms 2008 - Case Study: Colombia
Sistema Nacional de Prevención y Atención de Desastres (SNPAD) / Dirección de Prevención y Atención de Desastres (DPAD)
HFA National Focal Point
Ministerio del Interior y de Justicia, Dirección de Prevención y Atención de Desastres
(Ministry of Interior and Justice, Office for Disaster Prevention and Response)
Address: Calle 13 No. 32-69. Edificio Laboratorio Piso 4. (Secretaria de Salud) Bogotá D.C., República de Colombia.
Tel: (+57-1) 375-0842/375-1078/375-0934 / Fax: (+57-1) 375-1077
E-mail: direcciongen@dgpad.gov.co
Página Web: http://www.sigpad.gov.co/
Contact person:
Mrs. Luz Amanda Pulido
E-mail: luz.pulido@dgr.gov.co
Assistant: Sra. Martha Fonseca
E-mail: martha.fonseca@dgr.gov.co
Alternative Contact:
Dra. Ibeth Castro, Head of International Cooperation
E-mail: ibeth.castro@dgr.gov.co
Tel: (+57-1) 375-0842 / 375-1078 / 375-0934 / Fax: (+57-1) 375-1077; cell: (315) 363-9802
Technical Focal Point:
German Abel Jimenez Barrero
Tel: (+57-1) 375-1078, 213-7191 / (+57-1)375-1077
URL: http://www.sigpad.gov.co/
Other contacts
Permanent Mission of Colombia to the United Nations Office and Specialized Institutions in Geneva
Chief:
Her Excellency Mrs. Clemencia Forero Ucros
Ambassador
Permanent Representative
Address: Chemin du Champ-d’Anier 17-19, 1209 Geneva
Tel: +(41-22) 798-4554, Fax: +(41-22) 791-0787
E-mail: mission.colombia@ties.itu.int
UN System Coordination
UN Resident Coordinator
Mr. Bruno Moro
UN Resident Coordinator / Resident Representative UNDP
Address: Avenida 82 No. 10-62, 3rd and 4th floor, P.O. Box 091369, Bogota
Tel: 00(571) 488-9000, Fax: 00(571) 488-9010
E-mail: bruno.moro@undp.org, [mail:registry.co@undp.org registry.co@undp.org]
UN Inter-Agency Support
Mr. Juan Ignacio Arango, RC Assistant
Tel: +(571) 488-9000 ext. 137
E-mail: juan.arango@undp.org
Ms. Yasmina Garzón, Secretary
Tel: +(571) 488-9000 ext. 125
E-mail: yasmina.garzon@undp.org
UN Country Team
Mr. Bruno Moro: UN Resident Coordinator, UNDP
Ms. Olga Lucía Acosta: Regional Advisor Bogotá Office, ECLAC
Mr. Luis Manuel Castello: Representative, FAO
Mr. Roberto Haudry de Soucy: Representative, IFAD
Mr. Marcelo Castro-Fox: Representative, ILO
Mr. José Angel Oropeza: Chief of Mission, IOM
Mr. Raúl Rosende: Chief of Office, OCHA
Ms. Claudia Hoshino: Coordinator, L. A. Office, UNCRD
Ms. Barbara Pesce-Monteiro: Country Director, UNDP
Mr. Omar Castiglioni: Chief Security Adviser, UNDSS
Mr. Firmin Edouard Matoko: Representative for Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela, UNESCO
Mr. Diego Palacios: Representative, UNFPA
Mr. Javier Hernández: Representative, i.a., UNHCHR
Mr. Jean-Nöel Wetterwald: Representative, UNHCR
Mr. Damian Cardona: Director for Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela, UNIC
Mr. Paul Martin: Representative Area Office of Colombia and Venezuela, UNICEF
Mr. Antonio Assefh: Representative, UNIDO
Ms. Moni Pizani: Programme Regional Director, UNIFEM
Mr. Aldo Lale-Demoz: Representative, UNODC
Mr. Praveen Agrawal: Representative, WFP
Dr. Pier Paolo Balladelli: Representative, WHO/PAHO
Ms. Béatrice Dhaynaut: Strategic Planning Advisor, Office of the RC
Mr. Juan Ignacio Arango: Coordination Support, Office of the RC
Ms. Yasmina Garzón: Coordination Support, Office of the RC
Updated: 21 May, 2008; UNDG: UNCT Colombia
Others
Colombian Civil Defense (Prevention and Attention to Disasters)
Address: Bogota D.C. No. 52 street. 14-67, P.O. BOX. 6400090
Phone: (+57-1) 6917071/72 / Emergency 144 / Fax.(+57-1) 6916870 to 6408081
E-Mail: contactenos@defensacivil.gov.co
Website: http://www.defensacivil.gov.co/
Contact Person: Gral. Alfonso Arteaga, Director
E-mail: doc@multiphone.net.co
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, International Cooperation Office
Address: Calle 10. 5-51 Bogota DC
Phone: (+57-1) 566 7103 / Fax: (+57-1) 562 5939
Website:http://www.minrelext.gov.co/
Dra. Juana García Uribe, Director of International Cooperation
E-mail: juanagarcia@minrelext.gov.co / meryceci@hotmail.com
National Planning Department, Department of Urban Development and Environment Policy
Address: Calle 26 Number 13-19, floor 8, Building Fonade, Bogota DC
Phone: (+57-1) 596 0300 ext. 2572 to 2550 / Fax: (+57-1) 599 9557 - 596 0314
Website: http://www.dnp.gov.co/
Contact person: Dr. Julio Miguel Silva Salamanca, Director of Urban Development and Environmental Policy
E-mail: jsilva@dnp.gov.co / amartinez@dnp.gov.co
Colombian Red Cross
Website: Colombian Red Cross
Climate change
Colombian delegation to the II Sessión of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction - GP09 - puts forward a proposal for Copenhagen that a fixed amount of Climate Change Adaptation Funds, of a minimum of 30%, be allocated to projects for reducing hydroclimatic risks implemented in developing countries
See proposal (Spanish only)
Related documents
- Colombia's First National Communication on Climate Change to the UNFCC (Spanish, December 2001) / Executive Summary
Country Profile
Official name: Republic of Colombia
Capital: Bogotá
Population: 43.5 million
Density: 38.2 people per sq km
Total area: 1,138,910 sq km
Languages: Spanish*, Indian languages, English Creole
Government: Presidential democracy
Religions: Roman Catholic 90%, others 10%
Ethnic groups: mestizo 58%, white 20%, mulatto 14%, black 4%, mixed black-Amerindian 3%, Amerindian 1%
Currency: Colombian peso
Colombia has the 10th highest economic risk to three or more hazards in the world according to the Natural Disaster Hotspot study by the World Bank. 84.7% of Colombia’s population and 86.6% of its assets are located in areas exposed to two or more natural hazards (World Bank, Natural Disaster Hotspots, A Global Risk Analysis (Washington, DC: Disaster Risk Management Series, 2005), table 7.2.). The exposure is to both low-frequency high-impact events such as earthquakes, volcanic eruption, and an occasional Atlantic hurricane, and to high-frequency but lower-impact events, such as floods and landslides. Climate change is already thought to exacerbate flooding and landslides in large parts of the country.
Colombia is widely considered a leader in instituting a policy and legal framework that enables a comprehensive, multi-sectoral approach to disaster risk management. Colombia has built a National System for Disaster Management and Prevention, articulated around a comprehensive National Disaster Prevention and Attention Plan. Since the early 2000s, Colombia has decentralized disaster risk management responsibilities and made disaster risk management a national development priority.
Investments in disaster risk management including risk reduction are done at three levels in Colombia, involving the national government, departmental governments, and municipal governments. Significant investments are also carried out by the agencies dedicated to infrastructure.
For both hydrometeorological and geological hazards, Colombia is probably the most densely monitored country in Latin America. At the same time Colombian experts and their graduate-level trainees in disaster risk management have played an important role in developing a knowledge base and a political space for disaster prevention.
The country is a leader in such risk-reduction approaches and measures such as the introduction of building codes and enforcement, municipal programs, and the integration of science and technology with public policy making.
In spite of great progress, the task remains to address existing disaster risk through corrective actions, while simultaneously improving planning processes to avoid unreasonable accumulation of new vulnerability. For a country with more than 600 declared disasters every year, this is a daunting task that will require continued and improved attention by the Colombian Government.
According to GFDRR's Country Program for Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation 2009-2011, strategic actions are needed in the following areas to enhance disaster risk management in Colombia: (i) increase awareness and resilience at local levels, (ii) mainstream disaster risk reduction (DRR) in priority sectors, and (iii) institutionalize disaster risk financing.
(Source: GFDRR's Country Program for Disaster Risk Management and Climate Change Adaptation 2009-2011 - Summary notes, Colombia)
Geographical Description (hazards and disasters)
The Republic of Colombia is located in the most north-occidental corner of Latin America; it is the only South American country with coastlines on both Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea and also a place with one of the most complex tectonic systems since it is located where the Nazca South American and Caribbean plates meet. Colombia has been subjected to important seismic and volcanic activity in the past, but its complex topography also shows both, landslide and flooding prone zones. Colombia’s economy is based on the agricultural exports (14%), mainly coffee; the industrial sector (32%), textile, oil, clothing, emerald; and provision of services (54%). (Source: EMI's Cityriskpedia - Bogota - Cityriskpedia)
During the past century, Colombia suffered the impact of several damaging earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, landslides and floods. Among the most severe were the tsunami and earthquake of Tumaco in 1906 (MW 9.2), the eruption of El Ruiz (Armero-1985), the Pereira earthquake of 1995, the Eje Cafetero earthquake (1999), and a number of landslides and flooding during extreme rainy periods or El Niño events, particularly those in 1997-1998.
Colombia is located in an area of high geological complexity which this explains the frequent occurrence of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and tsunamis, or tidal waves. Earthquakes are the country's main natural hazard with nearly 86% of the population located in areas of medium and high level of seismic hazardand given that the vulnerability of urban settlements is high and with a tendency to grow. Moreover, the topographic conditions, climate and hydrology of the country make it prone to the impact of phenomena such as erosion, landslides, avalanches and hydrometeorological threats such as rising torrential overflows, floods, hurricanes and storms. For example, El Niño, with the recurrence rate and its associated climate changes, generates strong droughts and floods. The environmental and socioeconomic impacts associated with this phenomenon can be devastating. According to CAF (Corporación Andina de Fomento), the damage to Colombia caused by El Niño between 1997 & 1998 amounted to $564 million USD.
Additionally, the country is susceptible to forest fires, technological accidents such as oil spills and leaks of hazardous chemicals and other socio-natural hazards. These events have led not only to the loss of a significant number of lives, but have also harmed the country's development. In Colombia, more than four million people were affected by disasters in the period between 1993 and 2000 (the majority were affected by floods and earthquakes).
Institutional Level
Colombia is a Democratic Republic where the executive branch tends to dominate the government structure. The president of the Republic is both the chief of the state and head of the government. The legislative branch has a bicameral Congress, members are elected by popular vote and constituents of two dominant parties mainly integrate it. For administrative purposes, the country is divided into 32 departments and one capital District which is Bogotá, where the country’s administration is seated. (Source: Cityriskpedia)
The National Disaster Prevention and Attention System was established in 1989 through the 919 executive decree and it operates under the Ministry of the
Interior and Justice. The national agency responsible for disaster management is the Dirección Nacional de Prevención y Atención de Desastres (DNPAD).
The country counts on a National Plan for Disaster Prevention and Attention, as a major tool to facilitate planning actions within different economical, social, administrative and political sectors. Additional relevant documents produced under this system are the 'Guidelines to Act in Case of a Sudden Natural Disaster with National Impact' and more recently the 'Guidelines to Produce Sectorial Emergency Plans' which are being promoted at different levels of the administrative organization, in departments, municipalities and cities.
The National Committee provides guidance and defines mechanisms to carry-out and evaluate the National Plan for Disaster Prevention and Attention. It also provides the national government with all the information and recommends actions to be taken in case of a national emergency. The National Calamity Fund is set aside from the national budget to provide any economic support in case of a disaster and it can also be used to maintain sanitary conditions in the affected communities and finance the installation and operation of equipment and information systems.
The Regional and Local Committees advise and coordinate the activities of both public and private organizations in light of a specific disaster; they are in charge of developing specialized studies like hazard vulnerability or risk evaluation with the support of different technical organizations.
- Decree 919 of 1989, Establishment of the National System for Disaster Prevention and Response which in turn established the National Office for the Prevention and Attention to Disasters (currently Directorate for Disaster Prevention and Response) and the National Plan for Prevention and Response.
- 1547 Act, National Calamity Found established
- 60 Act of 1993, Pre-assigned resources for Disaster Prevention and Attention from the national budget
- 99 Act of 1993, Safe Environment Law / National Environmental System.
- Decree 969 of 1995, National Network of Natural Reserves
- 388 Act of 1997, National Land Development Plan
- 400 Act of 1998, Seismic Code becomes a national law
- Decree 93 of 1998, National Plan for Disaster Prevention and Attention
- Decree 332 of 2004, District Plan for Disaster Prevention and Attention
- Act 46 of 1988: National System for Disaster Prevention and Attention
- Act 322 of 1996: National Fire Department of Colombia.
- Decree 93 of 1998: adopting the National Plan for Disaster Prevention and Response.
Colombia was a pioneer among the region in the implementation of a systematic approach to the integrated management of disaster risk after the eruption and mud avalanche of Nevado del Ruiz in 1985. The National System for Disaster Prevention and Response (SNPAD in Spanish) has been developed and strengthened since then.
Colombia has extensive norms and regulations relating to risk management, that cover issues such as housing, infrastructure, community participation, and others. The Director for Disaster Prevention and Response, structurally dependent on the Ministry of Interior and Justice, is responsible for coordinating the actions of the National System for Disaster Prevention and Response.
The National Planning Department
Colombia is advancing in the design and financing of a strategy to define a policy on higher education in risk prevention. Through the national system - SNPAD, Colombia has promoted the creation of a National Commission on Education in Disaster Prevention that aims to define a national policy. Some universities offer masters' or postgraduate courses in risk management, such as the University of Antioquia in Colombia, with its collaborating centre of PAHO/WHO at the School of Public Health, and a masters' degree in social sciences and risk management. The Valley University in Bogota also has a comprehensive graduate program in risk management.
Urban indicators
Statistical Overview
- Urbanisation:
- Total Population: 43 million
- Urban population: 76%
- Slum to urban population: 22%
- Annual population growth rates:
- Urban: 3%
- Slum: 1%
- Annual population growth rates:
- Slum Indicators - % urban population with access to
- Safe water source: 98%
- Improved sanitation: 94%
- Sufficient living area: 86%
- Durable housing: 97%
(Based on UN-Habitat 2001 estimates)
| Indicator | 2030 |
| Total population (thousands) | 57,577.2 |
| Population in urban (thousands) | 46,610.1 |
| Population in slums (thousands) | N/A |
| Population in urban areas (% of total population) | 81 |
| Population in slums (% of urban population) | N/A |
| Annual urban population growth rate (%) | N/A |
| Annual slum population growth rate (%) | N/A |
| Population with access to improved sanitation (% of urban population) | N/A |
| Population with access to improved water (% of urban population) | N/A |
| Population with sufficient living area (% of urban population) | N/A |
| Population with durable structures (% of urban population) | N/A |
| Population in rural (thousands) | 10,967 |
- Source: UN-Habitat - The data presented here is extracted from UN-HABITAT's Global Urban Indicators database.
- The data is drawn from different sources and based on 2030 estimates.
Capital City: Bogota
Sitting high on top of the Andes mountains (2,640 meters above sea level), Bogotá is Colombia’s 465 year-old capital with a population of 6,760,000 people. This city is Colombia’s main governmental, financial, cultural, and service center. It is also an urban environment of “extreme” contrasts. Despite its economic output and growing character as a global city, Bogotá suffers from social and economic inequalities, lack of affordable housing, and overcrowding. Notwithstanding major improvements in governance, infrastructure, public space, and quality of life, many of them of international renown, Bogotá is still challenged by environmental sustainability, economic inequality, security and administrative matters. El Tiempo newspaper recently published wealth studies that establish that the income of 80% of the homes does not even represent half of the remaining 20% of homes. This means that economic inequality characterizes the city: 40% of the city’s income stays in only 7% of the population. Bogotá has actively embraced an alternative vision of urban development that seeks to attain the social and economic growth of the city through the modernization of its political and administrative structures, the effective enhancement of quality of life indexes (especially in the areas of public health and education), and the adequate provision of public spaces in the form of parks, bicycle paths, sidewalks, etc. Regarding disaster risk management, the city of Bogotá has also sustained efforts to improve emergency response capacity while progressively incorporating disaster prevention and mitigation policies and bringing them to the attention of the broader community, in an effort often recognized at the regional and international levels. (Source: EMI's Cityriskpedia - Bogota - Cityriskpedia.com)
For more information, see also EMI's Cityrisk.com - Bogota
Progress
Official country statement to the Global Platform 2009:
- Colombia - Mr. Carlos COSTA POSADA, Minister of Environment, Housing and Territorial Development
Commitments and proposals mentioned at GP09:
- To include climate change (CC) in national and international action plans.
- Looking forward to Copenhagen proposal for a “CCA fund” to finance at least 30% of weather and climate related risk reduction projects undertaken by developing countries (proposal supported by some countries and organizations present) – National Platforms and National Strategies should have a say on this
Concrete advancements and achievements mentioned:
- PA1: One of the principal achievements has been that the National System for Prevention and Attention to Disasters has included RISK at a political level in policy planning.
- PA1: National Development Plans 2002-2006 and 2006-2010 have included policies of risk knowledge and prevention for communities at all levels.
- PA1: A programme to reduce the fiscal vulnerability of the State has been created.
- PA5: At a regional level, Colombia strongly supports and encourage the development of national platforms mechanisms.
HFA P1 - Institutional and legal framework:
Incorporation of DRR concept and DRR strategic actions into the national development plan, as well as in sectorial plans
HFA P2 - Risk identification and EWS:
Risk assessment and strengthening of early warning system
HFA P3 - Knowledge and education:
Incorporation of DRR concept into environmental education
HFA P4 - Risk applications:
Strengthening of the environmental local management
HFA P5 - Preparedness and response:
Reduction of the fiscal vulnerability: loan mechanism through Multilateral Bank
(2007)(Source: Matrix Final - based on national progress report for the Global Platform)
Others Documents:
National Plans of Risk Management, Colombia
Incorporation of prevention and risk reduction in the process of territorial planning, Colombia
Systematizing Institutional, Legal and Technical Aspects of Risk Management in Colombia; December 2006 (Spanish only)
(Sistematizacion Aspectos Institucionales, Legales y Técnicos de la Gestion de Riesgos en Colombia)
Bogotá, Colombia - Disaster Risk Management Profile (Last Update: July 2006)
Megacities Disaster Risk Management Knowledge Base (MDRM-KB)
Earthquakes and Megacities Initiative (EMI) / Pacific Disaster Center (PDC)
Web Links
PreventionWeb Country Profile - Natural Disaster, Data and Statistcs Colombia
Colombia Coordination Profile; United Nations Development Group (includes Common Country Assessment - CCA, United Nations Development Assistance Framework - UNDAF, UN Country Team, Resident Coordinator's Office and more)
EM-DAT Country Profile - Natural Disaster - Colombia
ReliefWeb Countries and Emergencies Colombia
UN/ISDR UNEP/DEWA/GRID-Europe Hazards Profile Colombia
Proyecto de Apoyo a la Prevención de Desastres en la CAN (PREDECAN)
Official Website of the Colombian Government
Colombia's National Climate Change Website (Spanish - Ministry of Environment)
Geographic Institute Agustin Codazzi, Colombia
Colombian Institute of Geology and Mining (INGEOMINAS)
Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (Ideam)
MDG Profile: Colombia
