Peru

From HFA-PEDIA

What's New

Peru approves law on National Disaster Risk Management System

For more information please see the section here below on the Institutional Setting within the Country Profile

HFA National Reports

Preliminary National HFA Progress Report 2009-2011 (2010): Peru (via HFA Monitor on PreventionWeb / Spanish)

National HFA Progress Report 2007-2009 (2008): National Progress Report 2008 (HFA Monitor / Spanish)

National Report 2007: National Report on the Implementation of the HFA (2007) - Peru (Spanish)

National Report 2006: Unreported

National Report 2005: Unreported

National Report 2004: National Report in preparation for WCDR (2004) - Peru (Spanish)

National Platform

Official launch on February 27, 2009

National Platform Focal Point:

National Institute of Civil Defense (Instituto Nacional de Defensa Civil) - INDECI, Peru

Address: Calle Dr. Ricardo Angulo Ramírez Nº 694 Urb. Corpac

San Isidro - Lima, Peru

Tel: +(511) 225-9898

E-mail: defensacivil@indeci.gob.pe

URL: www.indeci.gob.pe

More information: PreventionWeb: Lanzamiento de la Plataforma Nacional en el Perú (Spanish only)

Of interest: *Peru's National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (Spanish only)

Presented in the global meeting of National Platforms at the II Session of the Global Platform -GP09- in Geneva, Switzerland, 15 June 2009

In January 2009, Peru officially launched its National Platform for DRR within the framework of the II Workshop on the National Platform process. The launch of the NP in Peru arrived after various attempts by the Peruvian Government to establish it previously. Under the general premises to drive HFA implementation, the NP for Peru is established as a support forum to the National System for Civil Defense (SINADECI), in which representatives of public and private entities, cooperation entities and civil society all actively participate, thus strengthening SINADECI reach and broadening its institutional base.

SINADECI incorporates all national ‘institutional issues’, while the national Institute for Civil Defense (INDECI) is the coordinating mechanism in this arena. Peru created SINDECI in 1972 and is currently undergoing an important process of legislation reform, which includes the decentralization of mechanisms, in order to increase risk management capacities at all administrative levels within the country.

NP formation process

One important precedent in terms of efforts to integrate Disaster prevention and preparedness, was the Multi-Sector Commission for Disaster Prevention and Preparedness, created in 2002, in the framework of the Law for Regional Governments (Law No. 27867). This mechanism is made up of twelve ministries of associated areas along with the National Institute for Civil Defense, which acts as a technical secretariat. From its identification as a national counterpart of the UNISDR in the first years of the ISDR, the National Institute for Civil Defense (INDECI) has communicated Peru’s interest and commitment to establishing a National Platform for DRR to UN/ ISDR regularly, in particular since 2004 in the process preceding the Kobe Conference. Unfortunately, a lack of clarity of the nature and added value of the NP and complications in its formalization were experienced in the process during these years.

Despite these setbacks, and based on its commitment and interest in developing the NP, Peru participated, along with Panama, in the First Consultative Meeting on National Platforms, which took place in Pretoria, South Africa in 2006. From 2007 (the year of the first session of the Global Platform for DRR) Peru’s efforts and interests were renewed to advance toward the creation of an NP, under the leadership of INDECI, which began to make contact with primary actors. Another important milestone was the International Workshop “Lessons Learned from the Pisco Earthquake”, held at the end of 2007, where the necessity to be able to rely on a coordination mechanisms was reiterated. However, it was in 2008 when the process of the NP became catalyzed, and when Peru made its advances in this area more explicit.

Peru participated in the International Workshop for the NPs in Davos, and presented a preliminary Action Plan for the implementation and strengthening of a national coordinating mechanism for DRR. In September 2008, a “working group” was formed to support this process. In October 2008, a reunion with organizations of international cooperation was carried out, to inform and involve them in the process. In the same month, the Humanitarian network was created, and a National Workshop was held on the new approach to disaster risk management, vision, mission, organization, processes and identification of actors in (SINADECI). In November 2008, the first meeting of the NPs for the Americas was held in Panama, and advances in the process were shared amongst representatives from the NPs throughout the region.

January 23, 2009 saw the launch of the National Workshop for the establishment of the National Platform for DRR in Peru, where a consensus was achieved around the objective, structure, and operation and these contributions and suggestions were incorporated into the initial proposal. Finally, in February, the II National Workshop was undertaken, where the National Platform for DRR in Peru was formally inaugurated, and the first actions for development were defined.

Distinctive characteristics of National Platform processes

The National Platform for DRR in Peru has the objectives of generating a space for agreement in which policies and strategies for DRR are promoted; encouraging greater participation, coordination and constant dialogue between DRR actors, consolidating the new approach to the management of disaster risk.

All the work is outlined in the strengthening of SINADECI. The Presidency of the Ministry Council (PCM) is the coordinating entity for the NP and that which lends it support, meanwhile INDECI acts as Technical Secretariat and Focal Point.

The functioning of the NP envisaged two (2) standard annual plenary sessions and regular meetings of the Management Committee, as well as the establishment of Working Groups in specific areas, and with a system of indicators for monitoring and evaluation.

Opportunities and challenges

The NP for Peru has brought about wide participation of representatives of public and private institutions, as well as institutions from civil society, cooperative organizations and international organizations of the United Nations System. In particular, the participation of civil society in the process of the NP is one of the most interesting aspects about the Peruvian case. Civil society in Peru is already developing important DRR coordination efforts, with strong leadership coming from some well establish and respected NGOs (for example, PREDES).

The NP initiative links civil society with INDECI under a common objective (the NP). The establishment of a coordination mechanism that reached consensus in the definition of its mission, structure, membership and functions is, without doubt, a significant achievement.

Another important aspect that this process illustrates is the commitment of the Presidency of the Ministry Council to DRR, to assume coordination of the National Platform. The ability to rely on the support and involvement of this important coordinating entity on a political level, gives greater guarantee of a highly decisive organisation within the NP and enhances possibilities for political impact.

One of the important challenges the NP will face is to integrate the work of Planning, Finance, Economic and Environmental Ministries; as well as of the Comptroller General of the Republic through the implementation of tools to include DRR criteria in processes of development planning. It is worth mentioning that Peru has institutionalised the incorporation of risk analysis and climate change adaptation criteria in the National System of Public Investment (SNIP) through the Ministry of Economy and Finance (MEF) between the years 2004 – and 2008. This should be an important means through which the NP could achieve sound impact in prospective risk management.

As in the majority of countries, one of the great challenges is in the strengthening of capacities at the local level. In this sense, there is already a proposal, which aims to study the progress of decentralized land use planning for risk reduction at local level. Local governments have been applying a participative budget approach, involving the local community in decision making processes around the designation of public funds, which includes actions within the framework for disaster risk reduction.

The NP can contribute to the updating process of the “Strategic Agenda for the Strengthening of Disaster Risk Management in Peru”. The updating of the regulatory framework of SINADECI and of INDECI may be a major opportunity for Peru and its DRR agenda to have a remodeled framework, in accordance with the current national DRR requirements.

(Source: National Platforms for Disaster Risk Reduction in the Americas: A critical analysis of these processes five years after the adoption of the Hyogo Framework for Action; Working document - UNISDR Americas, 2010)

HFA National Focal Point:

National Institute of Civil Defense - INDECI (Instituto Nacional de Defensa Civil)

Address: Fields Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Esquina Streets 1 and 21. Urb Corpac, San Isidro, Lima.

Contact Person: Luis Felipe Palomino Ródriguez, Major General EP.

Phone: + (511) 225-9898

Fax: + (511) 225-9898

E-mail: lfpalomino@indeci.gob.pe

Website: http://www.indeci.gob.pe

Technical Focal Point:

Jesús Percy Alvarado Vadillo, Director of International Affairs and Cooperation - INDECI.

Phone: 00(51-1) 224-0879, 00 (51-1) 224-0879,

E-mail: palvarado@indeci.gob.pe

Other Contacts

Permanent Mission of Peru to the United Nations in Geneva

Chief:

His Excellency Mr. José Eduardo Ponce Vivanco

Ambassador

Permanent Representative

Address: Avenue Louis Casaï 71, 1216 Cointrin

Tel: +(41-22) 791-7720, Fax: +(41-22) 791-7729

E-mail: mission.peru@ties.itu.int

URL: http://www.misiondelperuenginebra.com

UN System Coordination

UNDG: UNCT Peru

UN Resident Coordinator

Mr. Jorge Chediek

Tel: 51-1-2133200, Fax: 51-14-4472278

E-mail: jorge.chediek@undp.org

UN Inter-Agency Support

Ms. Pilar Airaldi, Secretary

Tel: (511) 213-3200 x 2002

E-mail: pilar.airaldi@undp.org

Mr. Enrique Roman, Coordination Specialist

Tel: 511-213-3200 x 2600

E-mail: enrique.roman@undp.org

Ms. Sol Sanguinetti, Coordination Analyst

Tel: (511) 213-3200 x 2601

E-mail: sol.sanguinetti@undp.org

UN Country Team

Mr. Jorge Chediek: Resident Coordinator, UNDP System

Mr. Roberto Cuevas García: Representative, FAO

Mr. Jose Miguel Ceppi: Regional Director, ICAO

Mr. José Luis Daza: Sub-Regional Director, ILO

Ms. Pilar Norza: Regional Director, IOM

Ms. Patricia Bracamonte: Officer in Charge a.i. for Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia, UNAIDS

Mr. Manuel Peña: Representative, PAHO/WHO

Mr. Flavio Mirella: Representative, UNDCP

Ms. Katherine Muller-Marin: Representative, UNESCO

Ms. Maria Ines Scudellari: National Officer in Charge, UNIC

Mr. Guido Cornale: Representative, UNICEF

Mr. Jose Andres Bellido: Representative, UNITAR

Mr. Pericles Gasparini: Director, UN-LIREC

Mr. Giuseppe Mancinelli: Head of Office, UNOPS

Mr. Guy Gauvreau: Representative, WFP

Mr. Felipe Jaramillo: Representative, World Bank

Mr. Esteban Caballero: Representative, UNFPA

Ms. Luis Breuer: Representative, IMF

Mrs. Silvia Rucks: Deputy Resident Representative, UNDP

Mr. Massimo Salsi: Security Adviser, UNDSS

Mr. Enrique Roman: Coordination Support, UNDP System

Ms. Sol Sanguinetti: Coordination Support, UNDP System

Ms. Pilar Airaldi: Coordination Support, UNDP System

Updated: 28.5.2008; UNDG, Country Team

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Address: Av. Benavides 786 - Miraflores. Apdo. Postal 18-0923 Lima 18 - Miraflores Lima, Peru.

Phone: (51-1) 213-3200, fax: (51-1) 4472278.

E-Mail: foper@pnud.org.pe

Website: http://www.pnud.org.pe/homepage.asp

Other

Oxfam National Bureau

Address: Baltazar Tower 906, San Isidro

Tel: (51-1) 2641-223, Fax: (51-1) 264-0007

URL: http://www.oxfam.org.uk

Doctors Without Borders (Belgium Mission)

Address: Street Yenuri Chiguala 130, Urb. Von Humboldt, Miraflores, Lima 18

Tel: (51-1) 448-4533, Fax: (51-1) 271-2636

E- Mail: msfb-lima@brussels.msf.org

International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (Southern Cone)

Address: Los Naranjos 351, San Isidro, Lima 27

Tel: (51-1) 221-8151 / 221-8333, Fax: (51-1) 441-3607

E-mail: ifrcbue@satlink.com

URL: http://www.ifrcbue.org.ar/

National Institute for Civil Defense (INDECI)

Contact: Luis Felipe Rodriguez Palomino

Address: Fields Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Streets Corner 1 and 21. Urb Corpac, San Isidrio, Lima

Tel: +511-225-9898 Fax: +511-225-9898,

E-mail: defensacivil@indeci.gob.pe

URL: http://www.indeci.gob.pe

Ministry of Education

Address: Street Van de Velde 160 San Borja

Tel: (51-1) 215-5800 / 4353900.

URL: http://www.minedu.gob.pe/

National Environmental Council (CONAM)

Industry: Presidency of the Council of Ministers

Address: Av. Civil Guard No. 205, Lima.

Tel: (51-1) 225-5370, Fax: (51-1) 225-5369

URL: http://www.conam.gob.pe

National Council of Science and Technology (CONCYTEC)

Industry: Ministry of Education

Address: Calle Trade No. 197

Tel: (51-1) 225-1150 ext. 110 / 2251143, Fax: (51-1) 224-0920

URL: http://www.concytec.gob.pe

National Commission for Aerospace Research and Development (CONIDA)

Industry: Ministry of Defense

Address: Felipe Villarán No. 1069

Tel: (51-1) 441-9081, Fax: (51-1) 441-9081

URL: http://www.conida.gob.pe/

Japanese-Peruvian Center for Research in Earthquake Disaster Mitigation (CISMID)

Address: Av. Tupac Amaru No. 1150 Rimac, Lima

Tel: (51-1) 482-0777, 482-0790; Fax: (51-1) 481-0170, 482-0804

URL: http://www.cismid-uni.org/

Center for Studies and Disaster Prevention (PREDES)

Address: Martin of Porres 161, San Isidro, Lima 27, Peru.

Tel/Fax: (511) 221-0251, (511) 222-0762, (511) 442-3410

URL: http://www.predes.org.pe/p_moquegua2.htm

National Geographic Institute (IGN)

Industry: Ministry of Defense

Address: Av. Aramburú No. 1190 - 1198, Lima

Tel: (51-1) 475-3030, Fax: (51-1) 475-3085

URL: http://www.ignperu.gob.pe

Geophysical Institute of Peru (IGP)

Industry: Ministry of Education

Address: Street Calatrava No. 216. Urb. Camino Real, Lima

Tel: (51-1) 436-8437, Fax: (51-1) 436-8437

URL: http://www.igp.gob.pe/

Institute of The Sea from Peru (IMARPE)

Industry: Ministry of Production

Address: Corner Gamarra and Gral. Valley s / n. Chuchito, Callao

Tel: (51-1) 420-2000 and 429-7630, Fax: (51-1) 465-6023

URL: http://www.imarpe.gob.pe/

Geological Institute Mining and Metallurgy (INGEMMET)

Industry: Ministry of Energy and Mines

Address: Av. Canada No. 1470, Lima

Tel: (51-1) 224-2963, 224-2964 and 224-2965, Fax: (51-1) 225-4540

URL: http://www.ingemmet.gob.pe/

National Institute for Natural Resources (INRENA)

Industry: Ministry of Agriculture

Address: Street Seventeen. 355 Urb. El Palomar, Lima

Tel: (51-1) -224 -3298, Fax: (51-1) 224-3218

URL: http://www.inrena.gob.pe

National Service of Meteorology and Hydrology (SENAMHI)

Industry: Ministry of Defense

Address: Av. Cahuide No. 785, Lima

Tel: (51-1) 414-1414, fax: (51-1) 471-7287

URL: http://www.senamhi.gob.pe

National Program Management Watershed and Soil Conservation (PRONAMACHCS)

Industry: Ministry of Agriculture

Address: Av. 155 Alameda del Corregidor, La Molina, Lima

Tel: (51-1) 349-1406

URL: http://www.pronamachcs.gob.pe

Consortium for Sustainable Development of the Andean Eco Region (CONDESAN)

Address: Av. 1895 La Molina, Lima 12, Peru

Tel: (51-1) 317-5313, Fax (51-1) 317-5326

URL: http://www.condesan.org

Institute for Development and Environment (IDMA)

Address: Av. Boulevard 1048 Saint Borja Lima 41.

Tel: (51-1) 224-9641 / 226 3761 / 225 7181

E-mail: idma1@speedy.com.pe

URL: http://www.geocities.com/idma.geo/

Ministry of Health

General Defense Office

Address: 317 Street San Isidro Marconi, Lima

Tel: (51-1) 222-0642 / 2222059, Fax: (51-1) 222 -1226

Mail: cbambarena@minsa.gob.pe

URL: http://www.minsa.gob.pe/ogdn/

Red Cross Peruvian

Address: Avenue Arequipa, 1285, Lima

Tel: (51-1) 265-8784 / 265-8785 / 265-8786, Fax: (51-1) 265-8788

E-mail: serperu@mail.iaxis.com.pe

URL: http://www.cruzroja.org.pe/index1.htm

Pan American Center for Sanitary Engineering and Environmental Sciences (CEPIS)

Address: 259 Los Pinos, Urb. Camacho, La Molina, Lima 12, Mailbox: 4337, Lima 100

Tel: (51-1) 437-1077, Fax: (51-1) 437-8289

E-Mail: cepis@cepis.ops-oms.org

URL: http://www.cepis.ops-oms.org/

Regional Centre for Seismology South America (CERESIS)

Address: Avenue Arequipa 701. Fencing - Lima 1. P.O. Box: 14-0363, Lima, Peru

Tel: (51-1) 433-6750, Fax: (51-1) 332-1288

E-mail: giescere@inictel.gob.pe

URL: http://www.ceresis.org/new/

Corporation Andina of Foment (CAF) - Peru Representation

Address: Ave. Enrique Canaval and Moreyra, 380, Building Twenty-first Century Tower, Floor 9. San Isidro - Lima 27 - Peru

Tel: (51-1) 221-3566, Fax: (51-1) 221-0968

E-mail: peru@caf.com

Project Recovery and Natural Disaster Prevention (PAEN) of the Regional Government of Piura

Address: Street Ebanos the L-1 # 9 Urb. Miraflores, Castilla - Piura

Tel: (51-7) 334-3327 / 346931 Fax: (51-7) 334-6944

E-mail: peru@caf.com

ITDG

Address: Av. Jorge Chavez 275 - Miraflores, P.O. Box: 18-0620, 18 Lima

Tel: (51-1) 447-5127, 444-7055, 446-7324, Fax: (51-1) 446-6621

E-mail: info@itdg.org.pe

URL: http://www.itdg.org.pe, http://www.itdg.org.pe/Programas/desastres/desastres.htm

Country profile

Name: República del Perú

Capital: Lima

Independence Day: 28 July (1821 from Spain)

Population Total: 28,674,757 (July 2007 est.)

Area: 1,285,220 km2

Density: 22 hab/Km2

Religions: Roman Catholic 81%, Seventh Day Adventist 1.4%, other Christian 0.7%, other 0.6%, unspecified or none 16.3% (2003 est.).

Language: Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara, and a large number of minor Amazonian languages.

Ethnics Groups: Amerindian 45%, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%.

Government: Constitutional Republic.

Currency: Nuevo sol.

IDH Position: 79°

Geographical Description (about Hazards and Disasters)

The territory of Peru, is constantly exposed to the effects of the phenomena of natural origin, due to its geographical location in the Pacific ring of fire - highly seismic region. Influenced significantly in the seismic activity and climatic changes affecting it, which is found in tropical and subtropical region of South America and the Andes crossing from south to Peru north.El is constantly exposed to the occurrence of geological and geophysical phenomena, which are a serious threat to the security of the population and infrastructure development. From the variety of disasters that affect Peruvian territory are identified as the most frequent and severe socio-economic impact: earthquakes, avalanches of mud (huaycos in the Quechua language), landslides, floods, droughts and ecological changes at sea. The high seismic activity is recorded in Peruvian territory is mainly due to the known interaction of tectonic plates Continental and Nazca, which affects the whole coast.

The valleys and watersheds in the eastern and western slopes of the Andes, which have steep slopes and an important geological instability, recorded a high vulnerability to heavy rains, this makes the occurrence of mud avalanches, landslides, cave-ins, and so on. Likewise, many of the formations glaciers in the high peaks also accuse instability and, because of the intense process of deglaciación, are a source of constant danger of avalanches. Droughts and floods are recurring phenomena and inherent in the semi-arid and sub-humid climates, usually observed in the tropics and subtropics, as is the case in Peru.

Between climatic variations is the well-known phenomenon of El Niño, which is mainly due to fluctuations in the natural system of interaction of the ocean and the troposphere in the equatorial Pacific. This phenomenon is observed with variable frequencies and intensities, sometimes with severe flooding on the northern coast and high temperatures of the ocean, which produce changes in the ecological system and affected the fishing activity in normal periods. On the other hand, during periods of summer in the southern hemisphere, are registered with recurrence heavy rainfall above normal, which then produce flooding of rivers, avalanches and mud slides, especially in the watersheds of the eastern and western slopes of Andes, with impact on its inhabitants, its agriculture, roads and housing.

Disaster risk profile and previous events

A devastating earthquake shook the area south of Peru's capital Lima on the evening of August 15, 2007, killing 520 and destroying 40,000 homes.

7.9 on Richter scale at epicentre

Tens of thousands left homeless

More than 10 percent of Peruvians live on less than a dollar a day.

The coastal province of Ica south of Lima was the worst hit region, including the cities of Chincha, Ica and Pisco. Rural communities were especially hard hit, and struggled to receive as much resources for rebuilding as towns. The Andes mountain range, which runs north-to-south along Peru's Pacific coast, has many active fault lines.

Institutional Setting

Peru approves new law surrounding National Disaster Risk Management System

On January 27 2011, Peru's national congress approved a law creating the National Disaster Risk Management System (SINAGERD for its Spanish acronym). This law states that all public institutions from all levels should include disaster risk management within all of their planning processes in order to avoid the creation of new risks. Aside from demonstrating committment to DRR, the approval of this law also serves to reinforce the advances being made in DRR as well as an important step forward in the implementation of the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA). This law is available in Spanish only: Ley del Sistema Nacional de Gestión de Riesgo de Desastres

Peru's main tool surrounding DRR and emergency response is the Prevention and Attention to Disasters is the National System of Civil Defense (SINADECI), established on March 28, 1972. The SINADECI which was conceived as a series organized by public and private entities that because of his skills or activities having to do with the different fields involved in the work of disaster prevention and care, aims to "protect the population preventing damage, providing timely and appropriate assistance and ensuring their rehabilitation in the event of a disaster or calamity of any kind, whatever their origin. "

Among the main objectives it has set itself, it considers:

A. To prevent damage, avoiding or decreasing its impact. B. Provide assistance and guidance to the people to overcome the circumstances of the disaster or calamity. C. Ensuring the rehabilitation of the affected population. D. To sensitize the population on the role of civil defense and their participation in it. E. Ensure, in any event, the conditions for the continuous development of the activities of the country.

The National Institute of Civil Defense (INDECI) is the lead agency and conductor of the National System of Civil Defense, which is responsible for organizing the population, coordination, planning and control of activities of civil defense, which also consists of Regional Systems Civil defense, integrated turn by the Regional Committees, Provincial and District Civil defense, the Regional Offices of Civil Defense and the Office of Civil Defense of Local Governments, and at the national level by the Office of Civil Defense Corporations State Institutional and Sectoral Civil defense.

The Civil defense Committees are hierarchical, this means that the Regional Committee for Civil Defense committees should supervise the Provincial Civil defense in its jurisdiction without such action relieving responsibility to them, in turn acting as a coordinator between them and for Civil defense tasks. In the same way act the Provincial Civil defense Committees with regard to their district.

While the overall coordination of the system and formulation of policies and guidelines are the responsibility of the INDECI, regional levels are relatively autonomous in carrying out their plans, programmes and projects, provided that they are part of national policy:

"Optimize disaster management at national level, to incorporate the concept of prevention in the process of development and achieve an integrated system, orderly, efficient and decentralized participation of the authorities and the general public by eliminating or reducing loss of life, property and environmental materials, and therefore the socio-economic impact."

The INDECI addition to the Central Advisory Council, has an Advisory Council on International Relations, a Scientific Technological Consultative Council, an advisory board Interregional on the coordination of policies and actions that cross them.

The National System of Civil Defense conducts its activities in prevention, care and rehabilitation of affected areas. These activities are conducted in accordance with the guidance of the National Plan for Prevention and Attention to Disasters, which defines different areas of the institutional development of strategies, actions, programmes and management tools at sectoral, regional and local levels. The main strategies are based on:

1. Encouraging risk estimate as a result of natural hazards and man-made. 2. Emphasize prevention activities and risk reduction. 3. Promoting the incorporation of the concept of prevention into development planning. 4. Encourage institutional strengthening. 5. Encourage community participation in disaster prevention. 6. Optimizing the response to emergencies and disasters.

In order to systematize knowledge of the hazards, vulnerabilities and risks in the national territory and have information on monitoring and warning systems, responsiveness and management processes, INDECI has organized an Integrated Information System, at the service of SINADECI. This tool is essential for efficient prioritization of the activities and projects of the institutions and programs of the National Plan for Prevention and Attention to Disasters, as it enables the diagnosis of unsafe conditions and the ability of institutional response to act in situations of disaster in the country.

In 2002 the Multisectoral Committee for Disaster Prevention and Response was created, which is responsible for coordinating, evaluating, prioritizing and monitoring measures to prevent damage, as well as response and rehabilitation in areas of the country in imminent danger or affected by disasters of great magnitude.

Urban indicators

Statistical Overview

Urbanisation:

Total Population: 26 million

Urban population: 73%

Slum to urban population: 68%

Annual population growth rates:

Urban: 2%

Slum: 3%

Slum Indicators - % urban population with access to

Safe water source: 87%

Improved sanitation: 66%

Sufficient living area: 72%

Durable housing: 77%

(Based on UN-Habitat 2001 estimates)

Indicator	2030
Total population (thousands)	35,564.3
Population in urban (thousands)	27,218.9
Population in slums (thousands)	N/A
Population in urban areas (% of total population)	76.5
Population in slums (% of urban population)	N/A
Annual urban population growth rate (%)	N/A
Annual slum population growth rate (%)	N/A
Population with access to improved sanitation (% of urban population)	N/A
Population with access to improved water (% of urban population)	N/A
Population with sufficient living area (% of urban population)	N/A
Population with durable structures (% of urban population)	N/A
Population in rural (thousands)	8,345.4

Source: UN-Habitat - The data presented here is extracted from UN-HABITAT's Global Urban Indicators database.

The data is drawn from different sources and based on 2030 estimates.

Case study: Good irrigation enhances climate change adaptation and boosts harvest in Peru

The people of the village of Coyllur, in western Peru, are mostly farmers. Farming takes place on steep land, with few attempts to control erosion. Irrigation, where available, is by flooding with little terracing. Extensive clearance of indigenous vegetation has further destabilized the land. Intense rainfall in the wet season leads to extensive soil erosion and the destabilized slopes exacerbate landslide risk. The dry season is becoming lengthier, impacting on crop yields. Poor housing and a location in a high-risk area have led many people to migrate from the countryside to the city seeking employment. Those remaining have adopted increasingly unsustainable farming practices in a desperate bid to survive. There is little or no remaining local knowledge of how to best cultivate steep land or of appropriate irrigation technologies.

A livelihood enhancement project by Practical Action demonstrated that low cost irrigation techniques make better use of water, increase production and generate higher returns. The techniques also help solve problems linked to slope cultivation, such as soil erosion, landslides and flooding. Demonstration plots showed that appropriate irrigation techniques promoted good water management, helped disease management, preserved soil nutrients and reduced risks of soil erosion that previously put their precarious infrastructure at risk.

(Source: UNISDR; GAR, Box 6.2, p. 151)

Recent events

On 15 August 2007 Peru was struck by an earthquake with a magnitude of 8.0 on the Richter Scale. This was the strongest earthquake in Peru in decades.

Presidency of CAPRADE passed from Ecuador to Peru through the XIV Meeting of CAPRADE held from 29 June to 01 July, 2009 in Cusco Peru.

Climate change

Peru is globally considered among the countries where ‘El Niño Southern Oscillation’ (ENSO) strikes harder. The Peruvian ocean is the scenario of the encounter of warm waters from the Equator with the colder front coming from the extreme Southern Pacific (better known in Peru as the ‘Humbold current’). The predominance of the colder waters from the south explains how, despite being a ‘tropical’ territory, we find a much more moderate temperature throughout the Peruvian coastal region, with very little precipitation and highly dependent on rainfall at the Western slopes of the Andean highlands.

At the peak years along the ENSO cycles, popularly known as ‘El Niño years’, the classic pattern of events is a combination of floods in the northern coast with extreme droughts in the southern Andean highlands. The most recent ‘El Niño years’ have been 1972, 1983, and 1997-98 although the ENSO cycle is a dynamic climatological process and in the recent years the media tend to grade every year having a more or less strong ENSO effect.

Source: Glave, M., R. Fort and C. Rosemberg (2009) “Disaster Risk and Poverty in Latin America: The Peruvian Case Study”, MDGs and Poverty, MDG-04-2009, RBLAC-UNDP, New York / (SINPAD DATABASE)

Initiatives by national and regional governments and development partners support adaptation to water-related disaster risks in the Andean highlands of Peru

The Andean highland regions of Peru, which have poverty rates above the national average, are likely to be among the most affected parts of the country by climate change, particularly in terms of the quality and quantity of their glacier-fed water resources. A collaborative effort involving Peruvian national and regional authorities, a consortium of NGOs led by Intercooperation, and the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation has undertaken a climate change adaptation programme in the Southern Andean regions of Apurimac and Cusco, in which disaster risk reduction is highlighted as a major component.

Interdisciplinary adaptation measures are built on risk reduction approaches

The programme, called Climate Change Adaptation Programme (Spanish acronym PACC), focuses on water resources, disaster prevention and food security, and combines local and scientific knowledge in an interdisciplinary fashion. Examples of suitable adjustment measures identified include increasing the number and size of water storage reserves, introducing crop varieties that are capable of enduring extreme weather conditions, and integrating specific disaster prevention measures in regional planning. The PACC works alongside regional institutions, such as the Peruvian Centre for Studies and Disaster Prevention which has supported the Cusco regional government to update its regional plan for disaster reduction.

National authorities have established a strong context for local initiatives

A recent study by the National Federal Reserve Bank of Peru estimated that climate change will cost USD 855 billion up to 2050, equivalent to about seven times Peru’s 2008 GDP. Since 2002, the environmental authority of Peru, now the Ministry of Environment, has developed programmes for strengthening national and local capacities to cope with climate change. These include climate change scenarios at national and local level, vulnerability and adaptation assessments, and frameworks for implementing climate change adaptation measures. A national consultation process is underway to develop a national climate change strategy that will have disaster risk reduction as a core element.

(Source: UNISDR, 2009. Applying disaster risk reduction for climate change adaptation: country practices and lessons)

Climate Change Adaptation Programme Peru (PACC)

In response to the high vulnerability of Peru’s Andes region to climate change the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC) in collaboration with the Peruvian Ministry of Environment has initiated a programme on climate change adaptation (PACC – Programa de Adaptación al Cambio Climático) in the Cusco and Apurimac regions of the Peruvian Andes.

Universität Zürich / Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC/DEZA)

Adaptation to Climate Change and Risk Management in Peru; AWG-LCA (PPT) - Minitry of Environment, Peru

In session workshop: Risk management and risk reduction strategies, including risk sharing and transfer mechanisms such as insurance

Poznan, December 2008

Case study: Adaptation to water-related disaster risks in the Andean highlands, Peru

Adaptation to Climate Change by Reducing Disaster Risks: Country Practices and Lessons

Initiatives by national and regional governments and development partners support adaptation to water-related disaster risks in the Andean highlands

The Andean highland regions of Peru, which have poverty rates above the national average, are likely to be among the parts of the country most affected by climate change, particularly in terms of the quality and quantity of their glacier-fed water resources. A collaborative effort involving Peruvian national and regional authorities and a consortium of non-governmental organizations led by Intercooperation, and supported by a new climate change programme of the Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation (SDC), has undertaken an adaptation programme in the Southern Andean regions of Apurimac and Cusco, in which disaster risk reduction is highlighted as a major component.

Interdisciplinary adaptation measures are built on risk reduction approaches

The programme, called the Climate Change Adaptation Programme (Spanish acronym PACC), focuses on water resources, disaster prevention and food security, and combines local and scientific knowledge in an interdisciplinary fashion. Examples of suitable adjustment measures identified include increasing the number and size of water storage reserves, introducing crop varieties that are capable of enduring extreme weather conditions, and integrating specific disaster prevention measures into regional planning. The programme engaged other institutions, such as the Peruvian Centre for Studies and Disaster Prevention (PREDES) which has supported the Cusco regional government to update its regional plan for disaster reduction.

National authorities have established a strong context for local initiatives. A recent study by the National Federal Reserve Bank of Peru estimated that climate change will cost USD 855 billion up to 2050, equivalent to about seven times Peru’s 2008 gross domestic product. Since 2002, the environmental authority of Peru, now the Ministry of Environment, has developed programmes for strengthening national and local capacities to cope with climate change. These include support for climate change scenarios at national and local level, vulnerability and adaptation assessments, and frameworks for implementing climate change adaptation measures. A national consultation process is underway to update the 2003 national climate change strategy and to develop a National Plan for Adaptation that will have disaster risk reduction as a core element.

(Source: Adaptation to climate change by reducing disaster risks: country practices and lessons; UNISDR, November 2009)

Recent progress in implementing HFA:

Peru: Statement made at the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (2009) (Spanish only)

An Official Statement made by Mr Luis Felipe Palomino Rodriguez, Chief of the National Institute of Civil Defense, Peru, at the second session of the Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction, June 2009.

(Source: Official statement to the Global Platform 2009)

Aspects mentioned at GP09:

Urgent need to develop DRR policies, including climate change, land planning, development and investment.

Commitments and proposals mentioned at GP09:

Security should be a priority in DRR.
(Adaptation to) climate change dictates that vulnerability reduction should be an objective of sustainable development.

Concrete advancements and achievements mentioned at GP09:

PA5: Member of CAPRADE (Regional entity)

Other

2007 Resolution surrounding evacuation drills within the educational sector (Spanish): La nueva Resolución Directorial del Ministerio de Educación - Normas para la implementación de simulacros en el sistema educativo, en el marco de la educación en gestión de riesgos

HFA P1 - Institutional and legal framework

National Report on Disaster Reduction in Peru

http://www.unisdr.org/eng/country-inform/reports/Peru-report.pdf

Supreme Decree No. 001-A-2004-SGMD (National Plan for Prevention and Emergency Response)

http://www.indeci.gob.pe/norma_leg/normas_indeci/dec_sup_n001-2004.pdf

Decree Law No. 19338: Law of the National System of Civil Defense

http://www.indeci.gob.pe/norma_leg/normas_sinadeci/ley%2019338%20texto%20ordenado%20ley%20del%20sinadeci.pdf

Supreme Decree No. 005-88-SGMD: Regulation of the Law of the National System of Civil Defense.

http://www.indeci.gob.pe/norma_leg/normas_sinadeci/decreto%20dupremo%20n%20005-88-sgmd.pdf

Decreto Supremo Nº 058-2001-PCM ), modificatorias y ampliatorias del Reglamento del Sistema Nacional de Defensa Civil

http://www.indeci.gob.pe/norma_leg/normas_sinadeci/decreto%20supremo%20n%20058-2001-pcm.pdf

Decreto Supremo Nº 081-2002-PCM Creación de la Comisión Multisectorial de Prevención y Atención de Desastres

http://www.indeci.gob.pe/norma_leg/inspeciones/decreto%20supremo%20n%20081-2002-pcm.pdf

Normas Legales Vigentes (instituciones y leyes relacionadas con desastres)

http://www.indeci.gob.pe/norma_leg/norm_leg.htm

Informe sobre los Objetivos de Desarrollo del Milenio en Perú

http://www.onu.org.pe/odm/

HFA P2 - Risk identification and EWS:

Fenómeno El Niño, 1997 - 1998

http://www.crid.or.cr/digitalizacion/pdf/spa/doc12863/doc12863.htm

La Oscilación del Sur, alteraciones en la presión atmosférica

http://www.crid.or.cr/digitalizacion/pdf/spa/doc10518/doc10518.htm

Travesuras de "El Niño”: Un fenómeno que no tiene cuando acabar

http://www.crid.or.cr/digitalizacion/pdf/spa/doc10516/doc10516.htm

Guía sobre el control de calidad del agua potable

http://www.crid.or.cr/digitalizacion/pdf/spa/doc14595/doc14595.htm

Capítulo 12: Determinación de áreas con riesgo potencial de erosión con sistema de información geográfica y percepción remota, sector: Quebrada La Solana, Río Quiroz, Margen izquierda Río Macara Piura - Región Grau.

http://www.crid.or.cr/digitalizacion/pdf/spa/doc10271/doc10271.htm

El Niño 97/98: Balance y perspectivas

http://www.crid.or.cr/digitalizacion/pdf/spa/doc10189/doc10189.htm

Algunos apuntes históricos adicionales sobre la cronología de El Niño

http://www.crid.or.cr/digitalizacion/pdf/spa/doc9289/doc9289.htm

Evidencias de grandes precipitaciones en diversas etapas constructivas de la Huaca de la Luna, costa norte del Perú

http://www.crid.or.cr/digitalizacion/pdf/spa/doc9287/doc9287.htm

Avances sobre estudios dendrocronológicos en la región costera norte del Perú para obtener un registro pasado del fenómeno El Niño

http://www.crid.or.cr/digitalizacion/pdf/spa/doc9285/doc9285.htm

Registros de la vegetación en la costa peruana en relación con el fenómeno El Niño

http://www.crid.or.cr/digitalizacion/pdf/spa/doc9284/doc9284.htm

El fenómeno de "El Niño" y los moluscos de la costa peruana

http://www.crid.or.cr/digitalizacion/pdf/spa/doc9278/doc9278.htm

Variaciones de la temperatura superficial del mar en Puerto Chicama y del índice de oscilación del sur: 1925 - 1992

http://www.crid.or.cr/digitalizacion/pdf/spa/doc9276/doc9276.htm

¿Ocurrencias del tiempo? fenómenos naturales y sociedad en el Perú colonial

http://www.crid.or.cr/digitalizacion/pdf/spa/doc5958/doc5958.htm

Metodología de análisis de riesgo a desastres mediante la aplicación de sistemas de información geográfica: Propuesta metodológica para el análisis de vulnerabilidad en la Región San Martín, Perú

http://www.crid.or.cr/digitalizacion/pdf/spa/doc5957/doc5957.htm